Thursday, May 15, 2014

Developing Essential Questions

There are many challenges that can be faced when your students begin developing questions to guide their inquiry projects.  “Because inquiry is not the norm in many classrooms, students need to be taught how to formulate interesting questions” (Thornburg, 2004, p.8).  Although students find it easy to ask questions about things as they cross their mind, asking them to develop questions does not always come easy.  They tend to come up with thin questions where the answer is only yes, no, or another one word response. 
It is also difficult to have students take the time to create good questions.  “Some students are impatient with this planning stage and eager to get going on the computers” (Eagleton & Dobler, 2007, p. 84).  We must work with the students to teach them what makes a good question.  Some things to remind students are that we want a question that can be researched.  “Inquiry means not just questioning, but questioning into something” (Thornburg, 2004, p.2).  Dr. Thornburg shares that good questions should also be
·      Ones we do not know the answers too
·      Have answers that are defensible
·      The door is opened for more research and projects that are in-depth
·      Anything can be created from a class project to a doctoral thesis
·      The focus is not on the surface knowledge but on the understanding
·      Other questions will develop
These are important things to remember when teaching student how to create good questions.  They need to know that thin questions will not develop a new level of understanding.
Another challenge has to do with helping students focus their topic.  Often they want to do inquiry projects with a very broad topic such as dinosaurs.  This can sometimes result in their questions being too broad or not meaningful., especially when told they have a set number of questions to come up with.  Surprisingly though, it is often the questioning that allows you to help them focus in on their topic.  “Focus areas can be derived by having students brainstorm as many questions as they can about their topics, then grouping similar questions together by using 3x5 index cards.  Most students find that obvious categories of questions emerge” (Eagleton & Dobler, 2007, p. 89). 
One strategy that can be used to help students develop good questions can be with the use of K-W-L charts.  “The K stands for ‘What I already Know’, the W stands for ‘What I Want to know’, and the L is used to record ‘What I Learned’ during and after reading and/or inquiry” (Eagleton & Dobler, 2007, p. 90).  I like to use the updated chart that incorporates the H for “How do I find out” (Kuhlthau, Maniotes, & Caspari, 2007).  The use of this chart helps students to take their background knowledge and build upon that to create questions that will be meaningful to them.
Another strategy I like to use is modeling.  Going through the inquiry process with your students can be very valuable.  They can see the steps you take and questions you create.  At a younger age, this is more important in helping them develop questions.  “An extremely powerful use of modeling is the teacher think-aloud” (Eagleton & Dobler, 2007, p. 19).  As you also embark on your inquiry journey, thinking aloud as you develop your good questions can model for students ways to create more meaningful questions.  This shows the opportunity students have to really dig deep into a topic that they want to know more about and it is not just creating questions for the sake of creating questions.

There are many great resources available to help you begin teaching your students how to create good questions.  LearnZillion has a whole unit designed around the Common Core.  Check it out: LearnZillion Research

Resources

Eagleton, M. B., & Dobler, E. (2007). Reading the web: strategies for internet inquiry. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Kuhlthau, C. C., Maniotes, L. K., & Caspari, A. K. (2007). Guided inquiry: Learning in the 21st century. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.

Thornburg, D. (2004). Inquiry: The art of helping students ask good questions. Executive Briefing No. 402, pp. 1-14. Retrieved fromhttp://www.tcpdpodcast.org/briefings/inquiry.pdf


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